Module+3

Exercise 5.1: Describing the Societal Problem and its Geographic Location Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 8 points) A. Briefly state your societal problem and which local area of the country it applies to (i.e. town, city, county, school district). For this module, your geographic level must be local. (2 points) Part A score:_____ Inadequate supply of organ transplants. New York State, Westchester B. Clearly describe two of the most important negative effects of the problem. Each description should be no longer than two sentences (6 points) Part B score:_____ People who need new organs die without organ transplants.  Overall, higher medical expenses if a transplant is needed and not received.  Exercise 5.2: Providing Evidence of a Societal Problem within the County of your Choosing Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 21 points) Provide three different forms of clear and convincing evidence of the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. Specify the geographic locality that each piece of evidence is from, which should be the same locality as you identified in 5.1. If it is not, you must specify how the evidence you find is relevant to the locality that you specified in 5.1. Write up to 4 sentences describing each piece of evidence. Label graphs and tables to conform to the example given on page 61 of the // Maxwell Manual //. Make sure your graph has a title, labeled axes and a source. A. Write up to 4 sentences providing evidence of your societal problem and support this evidence by including a trend line graph. (Note: graph must be generated electronically and may not be hand drawn. Needs to have at least 3 points and ** at least one point must be factual **). (7 points) Part A score:_____ The chart displays the overall percentage of patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant over the years 1988 to 2009. It appears the trend is decreasing, along with the overall need for kidney transplants. However, the percentage that is decreasing over time means that there are less available kidneys. This means that less people are able to receive kidney transplants.  B. Write up to 4 sentences providing evidence based on a quote from a player, stakeholder, or expert you interviewed (include the direct quote that supports the evidence). (7 points) Part B score:_____
 * ** State your societal problem here: **
 * ** State the specific geographic area (including the state) you will be focusing on here: **
 * ** Describe the first negative effect here: **
 * ** Describe the second negative effect here: **
 * ** Evidence described by graph: **
 * Insert Graph Here: **

> > ** Did not interview any player, stakeholder, or expert and thus could not get any evidence from such a source. C. Write up to 4 sentences providing evidence by citing a print or electronic source. (7 points) Part C score:_____ There is a shortage of organs available for patients who need transplants in the United States and as a result 14 people die every day because they do not receive the organs they need to stay alive. For every organ donated there are 5 people awaiting on that organ, so this means that 80% of the people that need an organ are not receiving one. Syed, Ibrahim. // Organ Donation Problems. //Retrieved (April 07, 2011), from [] Exercise 5.3: Identifying Underlying Causes of the Problem Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 12 points) Describe and provide sources for the four most significant causes that contribute to the existence of the societal problem which you are studying. (NOTE: the causes and sources used can be general & not specific to the local area.) The causes should not overlap or be redundant. Declining organ donations. Financial obstacles that actually result in a loss of money for the donor, known as "disincentives" for living organ donation (including loss of income while off work after the procedure, potential future insurability issues, and expenses that may not be covered by insurance.) Failure to engage the public in developing transplant policies, such as lack of input from donors and recipients that could result in better patient education, particularly about short- and long-term consequences of organ donation. Low consent rates for deceased organ donation, driven partly by incorrect perceptions about the donation process. (2010, Mar. 22). // Declining Organ Donations Causes Widening Need Gap. // Retrieved on (Dec. 21, 2011.), from []  Exercise 5.4: Describing the Current Policy Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 8 points) A. Describe one current policy now in effect in the locality you specified in 5.1 to remedy the problem described in 5.1. The policy can originate at a local, state, or national level but must be operating in all or part of the locality you have chosen. Be clear where it originates. (2 points) Part A score: _____ The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced a nationwide initiative to increase organ donations. A national partnership of public, private and volunteer organizations is working together to identify and overcome known barriers to organ donation. The centerpiece of the initiative is a new regulation, which will increase organ donation by 20 percent within two years. This regulation requires hospitals participating in Medicare or Medicaid to report all deaths to organ procurement organizations so that medically suitable donors can be more readily identified. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The policy affects the nation as a whole, reaching out to all levels of locality. B. Identify the local administrative unit primarily responsible for implementing the policy. (2 points) Part B score:_____ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The entire country of the US. C. Identify the legislative body that is the original source of this policy. (2 points) Part C score:_____ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The U.S. Congress has direct control over the policy. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Congress has authority over any state or territory in the US. D. Describe how a court at any level (local, state, federal) could be involved in the application of the policy. (2 points) Part D score:_____ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The courts could specifically be involved if an organ is illegally sold for compensation. The person can have a fine and be jailed. The doctor who performed the surgery could have his license revoked. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Courts everywhere have authority over their local area, such as a Westchester court has authority over any case presented before it in Westchester. Shalala, Donna. (1998, Sept. 10). // Testimony on Organ Transplant Policy. //Retrieved on (Dec. 20, 2010.), from [] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Exercise 5.5: Describing the Role of Business and Non‑Profit Organizations Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 6 points) A. Identify a business corporation and describe an action it takes to reduce the societal problem you are studying at any geographic level, not necessarily your chosen locality. (3 points) Part A score: _____ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The Gary and Dianne McCalla Transplant Center located: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mayo Clinic 4500 San Pablo Road Jacksonville, FL 32224 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222;">“The Gary and Dianne McCalla Transplant Center houses solid-organ transplant services.” = = // Transplantation in Florida. // Retrieved (Dec. 20, 2010), from [] B. Identify a non-profit organization and describe an action it takes to reduce the societal problem you are studying at any geographic level, not necessarily your chosen locality. (3 points) Part B score: _____ 2 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United Network for Organ Sharing <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Post Office Box 2484 Richmond, Virginia 23218 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">“In keeping with this commitment, UNOS reaches out directly to members of the transplant community, church groups, civic organizations and the general public by participating in events, exhibits and presentations in our hometown and across the country.” // In the Communit //y. Retrieved on (Dec. 20, 2010), from [] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Exercise 5.6: Examining the News Media's Discussion of Societal Problems Your Total Score: _____ (Maximum: 6 points) Select and evaluate an editorial, op-ed, or letter to the editor published within the last 6 months from any newspaper that discusses your societal problem at any governmental level or location. Do not summarize the article. Attach a copy of the entire article directly behind this exercise. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">“Each year, nearly 5,000 men, women, and children die in this country while waiting for a kidney to become available.” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The author assumes the readers relative knowledge of the organ transplant shortage but does subtly mention the national concern throughout the article. Evidence of the problem is given directly by stating the amount of deaths each year caused by lack of organ donations, specifically kidneys. The cause of the organ transplant shortage is not identified by the author. Overall however, the author does a decent job of evaluation of the problem, though his intentions were aimed at the promise/demise of selling organs. G.H., G.A. (July 7, 2010). // Our Deeply Unethical National Organ Policy. //Retrieved (Dec. 20, 2010), from [] In America it is a felony to provide a financial incentive for someone to donate a bodily organ. Each year, this misguided and wrongheaded public policy takes the lives of nearly 5,000 Americans with end-stage renal disease and, ironically, costs taxpayers billions of dollars. The math is simple. In a country the size of the United States, a payment, either direct (cash, vouchers, or tax credits) or indirect (tuition, charitable donations, etc.) of, say, $20,000 to kidney donors would probably produce enough donated kidneys each year to eliminate or drastically reduce the backlog of approximately 83,000 people waiting for their turn to receive a donated kidney. This financial inducement would cost about $1.7 billion. The federal government currently pays 100 percent of the cost for treating most people with end-stage renal disease. With the average annual cost estimated at about $30,000 to maintain one person on dialysis, the taxpayers are paying about $8 billion a year to dialyze fellow citizens in kidney failure. Furthermore, people usually wait about five years to receive a donated kidney unless they are fortunate enough to have a living donor offer one of their two healthy kidneys. Thus, the actual total cost to the taxpayers of maintaining fellow citizens on dialysis for five years is approximately $40 billion. Each year, nearly 5,000 men, women, and children die in this country while waiting for a kidney to become available. So in our zeal to protect the poor from exploitation by the moneyed classes, the organ donor, alone among all the participants in the world of transplantation, receives no benefit save the pleasure of performing a noble deed. At first blush, the policy seems to make perfect sense. After all, few people would condone letting the wealthy use money to induce others, who may be in financial //extremis//, to provide vital organs for transplantation. Such a practice, the argument goes, would turn the altruistic concept of organ donation into little more than a mercantile opportunity for buying and selling body parts. This is an emotionally compelling argument. It is also seriously flawed, and has produced extremely questionable public policy. In the case of kidney transplantation, the donor is subject to relatively little post-surgical risk. Statistically, a kidney donor fares no worse throughout his or her life than a person with both kidneys. Life insurance companies impose no rating on premiums for kidney donors because, actuarially, they represent no greater risk to the insurer. At an average annual cost estimated at about $30,000 to maintain one person on dialysis, the taxpayers are paying about $8 billion a year to dialyze fellow citizens in kidney failure. Everyone involved in the organ transplantation process benefits handsomely, except the donor. Organ transplantation provides a wonderful example of life-saving science and technology deployed in serving mankind. It is also a thriving industry. The entire transplant team, including the surgeons, nurses, technicians, pharmacists, nephrologists, and other specialists are well-paid for their respective roles in providing organ transplant service. The medical centers at which transplants are performed are also handsomely compensated. The procedure feeds revenue into virtually every facet of the hospital. It occupies rooms, keeps labs busy, requires numerous expensive tests, and staff at all levels benefit. The pharmaceutical industry certainly benefits, as transplant patients remain on various expensive drugs to protect their new organ for the rest of their lives. Then, of course, there is the recipient who is, perhaps, compensated best of all. He or she gets his or her life back. Only the donor, who gives the most and without whom the entire process would grind to an abrupt halt, is required to forego any material recompense for his or her service. A more serious consequence of this flawed policy is that it costs thousands of lives annually, and consigns thousands of other people to years of expensive dialysis, the bill for which goes to taxpayers. Each year, nearly 5,000 men, women, and children die in this country while waiting for a kidney to become available. We suggest that most of these individuals would, more than likely, have received a life-saving transplant but for the seriously flawed policy of denying compensation to those who might otherwise donate a kidney to a friend, a loved one, or even a stranger. A sensible, well-regulated program of organ donor compensation could convert most of these patients to transplant recipients. Their lives would improve drastically, the national cost of maintaining them on dialysis would be slashed, and donors would, in many cases, receive life-changing compensation for their generosity. Every time someone dies waiting for an organ in this country, the ethical case against providing compensation for organ donors is turned upside down. Unquestionably, the prohibition against compensating organ donors costs lives. Yes, some donors might be poor, but what is wrong with a poor person receiving compensation for performing a noble deed? Too many assume that this would motivate only the poor to donate an organ such as a kidney. Unquestionably, not only the poor, but many people who have considered such a donation would find reasonable compensation a legitimate factor in their decision-making process. Yes, some might be poor, but what is wrong with a poor person receiving compensation for performing a noble deed? In the case of the authors, a daughter’s love for her father was all the motivation needed to produce a successful and happy outcome for both the recipient and donor. We were, however, both haunted by the reality that a system relying on pure, uncompensated altruism in thousands of other cases results in the unnecessary deaths of men, women, and children in end-stage renal failure. All first-year medical students have drummed into their heads an old adage, “Above all, do no harm.” Perhaps members of Congress and public health officials should consider the same when considering organ transplant policy. **Harold Gershowitz is a businessman and recipient of a transplanted kidney. Amy Gershowitz Lask is an uncompensated kidney donor.** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Exercise 6.1: Evaluating the Grading Exercise and Increasing Learning Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 6 points) Identify and justify in one sentence which of the three grading alternatives would be most ** feasible ** in future PAF 101 classes. In another sentence, identify and justify which of the three grading alternatives would be most ** effective ** in future PAF 101 classes to increase learning. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alternative B would be the most feasible of all the alternative grading systems because a higher majority of students would get a fairly good letter grade of a B.  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Alternative C would be the most effective because with a good amount of A’s available, more people would work harder to get this letter grade, and thus learn more in the process. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Exercise 6.2: Developing Public Policy Alternatives Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 33 points) A. Using ** information from a book, website, or article **, describe a public policy alternative to the existing policy to deal with the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. The information can refer to any geographic area or governmental level. Part A score:_____ <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Description of Policy Alternative #1 and the local government agency responsible for implementation here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">A sensible, well-regulated program of organ donor compensation could convert many patients to transplant recipients due to the increase of available organs in the U.S. market. New York State would regulate their own market, but be overseen by the Federal Government on a broader range. <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;"> · **  Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here:  ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">The American: Our Deeply Unethical National Organ Policy <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">The article of the American basically states why the current system of organ donation is costing more money than one would think, as well as the many benefits that would come about if an organ system of compensation were to be used. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Rate Policy Alternative #1 Effectiveness here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">High <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 45.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list 48.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Justification: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">More people would be willing to donate their organs if there was an incentive, such as money. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Rate Policy Alternative #1 Feasibility here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Medium <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 45.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list 45.6pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Justification: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The policy has been debated for quite some time and appears to be getting headway as more benefits and tighter regulations are mentioned. However, there still remains some opposition due to the possibility of a black market arising, as well as the poorer individuals of the nation being exploited by the wealthier for organs. B. Using ** information you received through an interview with a player, stakeholder, or expert **, describe a public policy alternative to the existing policy to deal with the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. The information can refer to any geographic area or governmental level. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: 0in list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Follow the instructions from Part A. (8 points) Part B score:_____ <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Description of Policy Alternative #2 and the local government agency responsible for implementation here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">A policy of presumed consent would increase the availability of transplant organs tremendously. Presumed consent is no consent at all; it is taking organs without asking unless an individual knows enough to follow the government’s predetermined method for objecting. <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;"> · **  Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here:  ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Cato@Liberty <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">The article simply mentions a policy as proposed by another individual, but then goes ahead to say why it would not work. However, we disagree with this notion. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Rate Policy Alternative #2 Effectiveness here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">High <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 45.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list 45.6pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Justification: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">If you consider every single accident, death, etc. where organs are left unharmed and “up for grabs,” there would be a lot of available organs for donation. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Rate Policy Alternative #2 Feasibility here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Low <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 45.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list 45.6pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Justification: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">People generally don’t want their freedom of choice taken away, especially one that involves a literal piece of an individual. C. Using ** any source of information **, describe a public policy alternative to the existing policy to deal with the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. The information can refer to any geographic area or governmental level. Part C score:_____ <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Description of Policy Alternative #3 and the local government agency responsible for implementation here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">A policy implementing donation after cardiac arrest would increase availability of organs for transplantation moderately. Death resulting from cardiac arrest is basically defined as an irreversible loss of heart and respiratory function rather than irreversible loss of all brain functions, the criterion for brain death. With a brain-based definition of death, organs are often in much better condition for transplants. <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;"> · **  Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here:  ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Cato@Liberty <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">The article mentions the policy, and also puts reasons of why it would not work well, and I agreed with this opinion. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Rate Policy Alternative #3 Effectiveness here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Medium <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 45.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list 42.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Justification: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Only so many people die of cardiac arrest each year, therefore few organs will be available for harvesting. <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Rate Policy Alternative #3 Feasibility here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Low <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 45.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.1pt list 42.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Justification: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The already waning trust of medical professionals would collapse completely. D. Using only your ratings and justifications in Parts A-C, summarize your preferred policy alternative clearly and coherently in no more than 5 sentences. (9 points) Part D score:_____ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The third policy is not good alternative because of its only moderate effectiveness and very low feasibility. The other two policies have very effective outcomes, but when comparing how feasible both are, the system of organ compensation wins. It seems that that specific policy is the most likely to be implemented because it comes at the least cost (which could __potentially__, and only potentially be exploitation of the poor), yet it reaps a very high benefit in the amount of organs that would become available for transplantation. G.H., G.A. (July 7, 2010). // Our Deeply Unethical National Organ Policy. //Retrieved (Dec. 20, 2010), from [] Fry-Revere, Sigrid. (August 30, 2007). // Some Bad Ideas That Won’t Help Solve the Organ Shortage. //Retrieved (April 4, 2011), from [] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Exercise 6.3: Finding Legislation on Your Topic Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 10 points) <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 17.1pt; text-indent: .9pt;">A. Using the Congressional Information Service (CIS Index) reference material or the web address, ** http://thomas.loc.gov **, find a piece of federal legislation related to your topic area (not necessarily your proposed policy). Attach a copy of the first page of the legislation. (5 points) Part A score:_____ <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Record the full search statement you used here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">“organ” <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Write one complete sentence on how the bill is related to your topic here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The bill not only honors an individual (Christina Taylor Green) for giving an organ on her deathbed and saving a life, but also advocates a call for all Americans to reflect off her actions and do the same for another in your circumstance. ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[]: ** Using the New York State web address (** www.state.ny.us **) or the New York State Assembly or Senate home pages (** http://assembly.state.ny.us **or ** http://senate.state.ny.us **), find a piece of legislation related to your topic area (not necessarily your proposed policy). Attach a copy of the first page of the legislation. (5 points) Part B score:_____ <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Record the full search statement you used here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">“organ donation” <span style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 17.1pt list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Write one complete sentence on how the bill is related to your topic here: ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The bill basically gives a tax reduction or tax credit to individuals who have made an “anatomical” gift. ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[] ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Exercise 6.4: References Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 10 points)
 * ** Evidence from a player, stakeholder, or expert:
 * ** Evidence from a print or electronic source: **
 * One source may be used for several or all of the causes, and at least one of the four must be based on a quote from a player, stakeholder, or expert you have interviewed (7 points will be deducted if you do not do this).
 * 3 points will be deducted if a major cause is not discussed and full credit will be assigned only if reasonable causes are included and the discussion is clearly and precisely written.
 * ** Write and briefly describe the first cause here: **
 * ** Write and briefly describe the second cause here: **
 * ** Write and briefly describe the third cause here: **
 * ** Write and briefly describe the fourth cause here: **
 * ** Describe the policy here: **
 * ** Write the specific geographic location the policy originated in here: **
 * ** Identify the local administrative unit here: **
 * ** State the geographic location over which they have the authority to act: **
 * ** Identify the legislative body here: **
 * ** State the geographic location over which they have the authority to act: **
 * ** Describe how a court could be involved here: **
 * ** State the geographic location over which they have the authority to act: **
 * ** Write the name and location of the corporate headquarters of the business here: **
 * ** In one sentence, indicate the action this corporation takes to reduce the societal problem by quoting a statement either from the company itself or another source here: **
 * ** Write the name and location of the local or national headquarters of the non-profit organization here: **
 * ** In one sentence, describe the organization takes to reduce the societal problem by quoting a statement either from the organization or another source here: **
 * ** Evaluate how well the author presents the “societal problem,” “evidence of the problem,” and “causes of the problem,” and quote at least one sentence or part of it from the article here: **
 * In our zeal to protect the poor from exploitation by the moneyed classes, the organ donor—alone among all the participants in the world of transplantation—receives no benefit. **
 * ** Write one sentence for which alternative would be most feasible here: **
 * ** Write one sentence for which alternative would be most effective here: **
 * The policy must be at the local level and be reasonable in terms of the criteria discussed in Step 2 on pp. 73-74 of the // Maxwell Manual //.
 * To receive credit for this exercise, the alternative must be able to be implemented by one or more agencies that have direct authority in the geographic location your policy targets.
 * Rate the feasibility and effectiveness of your alternative using the terms “high,” “medium,” or “low,” and justify your rating. (8 points)
 * Internal citation needed for all policy alternatives.
 * Follow the instructions from Part A. (8 points)
 * ** In no more than 5 sentences, state your preferred policy and explain why it is superior to the other two alternatives by comparing the feasibility and effectiveness of each here: **
 * Prepare a list of references that includes all sources for this module.
 * Follow the APA format.
 * Include all sources used in the exercises.

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · ** Start References on the next line or on the next page: ** // ..... In the Communit //y. Retrieved on (Dec. 20, 2010), from [] // ..... Transplantation in Florida. // Retrieved (Dec. 20, 2010), from [] ..... (2010, Mar. 22). // Declining Organ Donations Causes Widening Need Gap. // Retrieved on (Dec. 21, 2010.), from [|http://www.livescience.com/health/organ-donation- decline-100322.html] Fry-Revere, Sigrid. (August 30, 2007). // Some Bad Ideas That Won’t Help Solve the Organ Shortage. //Retrieved (April 4, 2011), from [|http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/some- bad- ideas-that-wont-help-solve-the-organ-shortage/] G.H., G.A. (July 7, 2010). // Our Deeply Unethical National Organ Policy. //Retrieved (Dec. 20, 2010), from [|http://www.american.com/archive/2010/july/our-deeply- unethical- national-organ-policy] Shalala, Donna. (1998, Sept. 10). // Testimony on Organ Transplant Policy. //Retrieved on (Dec. 20, 2010.), from [] Syed, Ibrahim. // Organ Donation Problems. //Retrieved on (April 07, 2011.), from []